美国和加拿大感恩节介绍
发布时间:2009-11-20 来源:太原美康学校
感恩节在加拿大和美国都是个重要节日,不过这两个国家的节日并不在同一天。加拿大感恩节(Thanksgiving)是每年十月的第二个星期一,美国感恩节则是十一月的第四个星期四。纵观历史,加拿大感恩节的日期己经变动,现在的日期是1957年才由国会确定下来的,美国感恩节的日期早在1863年就确定了,当年宣布这个神圣日期的是著名总统亚伯拉罕·林肯。加拿大感恩节为什么会比南边的邻居早呢?一个公认的说法是:因为加拿大在北方,收获的季节更早。
在收获的季节举行仪式感谢上天(或者上帝),是世界各民族不约而同的传统。欧洲历史上一直有感恩节,农民们在秋季进行庆祝,感谢上帝在这年里赐予的丰收和充足食物。感恩仪式上装满谷物与水果的羊角就是欧洲的风俗。这种羊角称为cornucopia(该词汇可以追溯到希腊神话),在北美洲的感恩节庆典中也常能见到。
不过加拿大和美国的感恩节都各有自己的来历。说起来加国感恩节的历史比美国还早几十年。美国的感恩节始于避难的朝圣者,而加拿大感恩节始于探险家。十六世纪,英国人MartinFrobisher抱着取道地球北边去东方的目的,开始了艰苦的海上探险。他没能发现通向东方的北部航路,却误打误撞地来到了加拿大。
为了感谢上帝没让自己死在海上,Frobisher于1578年举行了一个感恩仪式,这在后来被认为是西方殖民者在这块土地上过的最早的感恩节。Frobisher给自己的登陆之处起了名字,叫做Newfoundland(即纽芬兰)。这位探险家后来被英国王室封了爵士,加拿大北部极地附近一个海湾也以他的姓氏命名。早期的法国殖民者也举行自己的感恩庆典。那时候西方人与原著民的关系还算融洽,感恩节期间,殖民者与原著民总是共同庆祝,传教士们则趁机向原著民宣扬上帝的恩典。
Thanksgiving Day is a harvest festival. Traditionally, it is a time to give thanks for the harvest and express
gratitude in general. It is a
holiday celebrated primarily in
Canada and the
United States. While perhaps religious in origin, Thanksgiving is now primarily identified as a secular holiday.
The date and location of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention. Though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on
September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621. The Plymouth celebration occurred early in the history in one of the original thirteen colonies that became the United States, and this celebration became an important part of the American myth by the 1800s.
Today, Thanksgiving is celebrated on the second Monday of October in
Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the
United States.
Thanksgiving dinner is held on this day, usually as a gathering of family members and friends.